ADHD medication in the UK

If you or someone you care about has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), you might be wondering whether medication could make a difference. For many people, it plays an important role in managing the symptoms of ADHD – such as inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity.

These medications don’t ‘cure’ ADHD, but they can help to improve focus, reduce restlessness and help you feel more in control. Everyone’s experience is unique and medication works best as part of a broader treatment plan that may also include therapy and practical coping strategies. 

Here, we explore how ADHD medication works, the different types available in the UK, how long they take to work, their potential benefits and side effects, and the alternatives you can consider.

How does ADHD medication work?

ADHD affects how certain areas of the brain regulate attention, motivation and self-control. Medication helps by increasing the levels or activity of key neurotransmitters – mainly dopamine and norepinephrine – which play an important role in these processes.

By supporting the way these neurotransmitters work, ADHD medication can help you concentrate for longer periods, stay organised and think before acting. Lots of people also notice improvements in emotional regulation, meaning they feel less overwhelmed or reactive in challenging situations. ADHD medication can also help reduce depression and anxiety.

Overall, ADHD medication can make everyday life feel calmer and more manageable.

Types of ADHD medication

ADHD medications fall into two main categories: stimulants and non-stimulants. Both can be highly effective, but they work in slightly different ways.

Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed due to their fast-acting effects in improving focus and attention. 

Non-stimulant medications may be recommended if stimulants aren’t suitable or cause unwanted side effects. 

Both are available for children and adults in the UK. Your doctor will help to determine which option is best for you or your child, based on your individual needs.

How long do ADHD medications take to work?

How quickly ADHD medication starts to work depends on the type you’re prescribed. 

When taking stimulant medications, you may notice an improvement in focus, motivation and concentration within 30 to 60 minutes. The effects can last for a few hours with immediate-release stimulants (such as Ritalin) or throughout the day with extended-release stimulants (such as Elvanse).

Non-stimulant medications work more slowly. These medications build up in your system over time, so it can take several days – or sometimes a few weeks – before you notice the full benefits.

Finding the right medication and dose can take time. Your doctor will guide you through the process of finding the right one, making adjustments as needed to ensure your medication is effective and well-tolerated. You’ll also have regular check-ins to discuss any side effects, ask questions, and make sure your treatment continues to support your overall wellbeing.

What are the benefits of ADHD medication?

For many people, ADHD medication can be a turning point – helping them feel more focused, organised, and in control of their lives. By easing some of the everyday challenges that come with ADHD, medication can help people become more confident and feel more fulfilled.

The benefits can vary from person-to-person, but many people notice meaningful improvements in areas such as:

Many people experience the greatest benefit when medication is combined with therapy or coping strategies that support their wider wellbeing. 

What are the side effects or risks?

Like any medication, ADHD medication can cause side effects – though not everyone experiences them, and they’re often mild and temporary. 

Common side effects of ADHD medication can include:

• Trouble sleeping (especially with stimulant medications). However, in people with ADHD, stimulant medication can sometimes improve their sleep because it reduces daytime hyperactivity and restlessness
• Reduced appetite, which can lead to mild weight loss
• Headaches or stomach aches
• Feeling more anxious or irritable than usual
• A faster heartbeat or raised blood pressure

Less common side effects can include:

• Mood changes or emotional ups and downs
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Feeling unusually tired or sluggish

Your doctor will talk through potential side effects before starting treatment and book regular reviews to check how you’re getting on. Most people find that any early side effects ease as their body adjusts, and many feel the benefits far outweigh the risks once they’ve found the right balance.

If you notice any side effects that concern you, or if something doesn’t feel right, always speak to your doctor – they’re there to help make sure your treatment works safely and effectively for you.

Are there alternatives to ADHD medication?

Medication isn’t the only way to manage ADHD. While it can be highly effective, some people prefer to explore other options, or find that a combined approach works best. 

Psychological support can help you build practical skills and manage the challenges of ADHD in day-to-day life. These may include things like:

• Therapy or coaching to improve focus, organisation and emotional regulation
• Lifestyle changes like regular exercise, good sleep and balanced nutrition
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques to reduce stress and anxiety
• Support at work or school through reasonable adjustments or extra support